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Termites are known to carry pollen and frequently see blossoms,177 are regarded as potential pollinators for a number of flowering plants.178 One flower in particular, Rhizanthella gardneri, is frequently pollinated by foraging workers, and it's perhaps the only Orchidaceae blossom in the world to be pollinated by termites.177
Many plants have developed powerful defences against termites. However, seedlings are vulnerable to termite attacks and need additional protection, as their defence mechanisms only grow when they have passed the seedling phase.179 Defence is typically achieved by secreting antifeedant compounds into the woody cell walls.180 This reduces the ability of termites to efficiently digest the cellulose.
When retained near the extract, they get disoriented and eventually perish.181.
Termite populations can be substantially impacted by environmental changes including those due to human intervention. A Brazilian study investigated the termite assemblages of 3 websites of Caatinga under different levels of anthropogenic disturbance in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil were sampled using 65 x 2 m transects.182 A total of 26 species of termites were present in the three websites, and 196 encounters were listed in the transects.
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The wood-feeders were the most badly affected feeding team. .
A termite nest can be considered as being composed of two parts, the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is the structure itself, which can be constructed by the termites. Nests can be broadly divided into three main categories: subterranean (entirely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (built above ground, but always connected to the ground via shield tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the ground with ground contact and are created from earth and mud.
Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of now nest in wooden constructions such as logs, stumps and the dead parts of trees, as did termites millions of years back.184.
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To construct their nests, termites primarily utilize faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partially digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and timber ), and dirt, used in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not many nests are observable, as many nests in tropical woods are situated underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are great examples of subterranean nest contractors, as they only reside inside tunnels.
Nests and mounds protect the termites' delicate bodies against desiccation, light, pathogens and parasites, as well as providing a fortification against predators.188Nests made out of carton are especially weak, and so the inhabitants utilize counter-attack approaches against invading predators. .
Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change results from bacterial illness in the intestine of their termites: they use their faeces as a carton building substance. Arboreal termites nests can account for up to 2% of above ground carbon monoxide in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.
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Nests are considered mounds should they protrude from the earth's surface. A mound provides termites the exact same protection as a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds located in regions with torrential and continuous rainfall are at risk of mound erosion as a result of their clay-rich this post construction. Those made from carton can provide protection against the rain, and in fact can withstand large precipitation.
For example, Cubitermes colonies build narrow tunnels used as strong points, since the width of the tunnels is small enough for troops to block.192 A highly secure room, known as the"queens cell", houses the queen and king and is employed as a final line of defence. .
Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably build the most complex structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the largest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 feet), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can build nests 3Â to 4Â metres (9Â to 13 ft ) high and 2.5 metres (8Â ft ) wide.
The sculptured mounds occasionally have fancy and distinctive forms, such as those of their compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which builds tall, wedge-shaped mounds with the long axis oriented about northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to help thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase quickly during the morning while avoiding overheating from the midday sun.